High-temperature tolerance of Artemisia tridentata and Potentilla gracilis under a climate change manipulation

Leaf tolerance to high temperatures, as determined by electrolyte leakage and chlorophyll a fluorescence, was compared for Artemisia tridentata (Asteraceae), a widespread shrub of the Great Basin, Colorado Plateau, and western slope of the Rocky Mountains, and Potentilla gracilis (Rosaceae), a herbaceous forb common to high-elevation meadows of the western United States. Species-specific and treatment-specific differences in leaf temperature, high-temperature tolerance and chlorophyll a fluorescence from photosystem II were compared, to test the hypothesis that plants at ecosystem borders will exhibit species-specific responses to climate change. Measurements were made for plants exposed to a climate change warming manipulation on a major ecosystem border at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Colorado, United States, in July and August 1995. In July, daily maximal leaf temperatures were significantly higher for P. gracilis than for A. tridentata. Leaf temperatures were slightly lower in August than July for leaves of both species, on control and heated plots, despite the fact that daily maximum air temperatures were not significantly different for the two months. High-temperature tolerance was determined for leaves treated for 1 h at temperatures ranging from 15°C to 65°C. LT₅₀ was approximately 46°C for both species on control plots, but was 43°C for leaves of both species from heated plots, contrary to the predictions of the hypothesis. No shift in LT₅₀ (acclimation) was apparent between July and August. Changes in chlorophyll a fluorescence from photosystem II (F _V /F _M ) were used to characterize the photosynthetic response to high temperatures. For both A. tridentata and P. gracilis in July, F _V /F _M was about 0.7, but decreased for temperatures above 40°C. The results suggest that plant responses to global warming at ecosystem borders may be influenced by factors other than leaf-level physiological tolerance to elevated temperatures.     

凝血-纤溶失衡与子痫前期的关系及对产后大出血的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：分析凝血-纤溶失衡与子痫前期的关系及对产后大出血的预测价值。方法：选择我院自2018年1月至2021年12月接诊的160例子痫前期孕妇作为观察组,另选同期的160例健康妊娠孕妇作为对照组;以凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物（TAT）/纤溶酶-α2纤溶酶抑制物复合物（PIC）比值评价凝血-纤溶失衡程度,使用Pearson相关性分析TAT/PIC比值与分娩孕周、分娩出血量的关系,通过AUC评价TAT/PIC比值对产后大出血的预测效能。结果：观察组血浆TAT水平高于对照组,PIC水平低于对照组,TAT/PIC比值大于对照组（P<0.05）;经Pearson相关性分析,子痫前期孕妇TAT/PIC比值与分娩出血量呈正相关,与出生体重呈负相关（P<0.05）;产后大出血组血浆TAT水平高于非产后大出血组,PIC水平低于非产后大出血组,TAT/PIC比值大于非产后大出血组（P<0.05）;经ROC曲线分析,TAT/PIC比值预测子痫前期孕妇产后大出血的AUC为0.910,大于TAT的0.665和PIC的0.650（P<0.05）。结论：子痫前期的发生可能与凝血-纤溶失衡有关,而TAT/PIC比值与分娩出血量及出生体重的关系密切,预测产后大出血的效能较好,值得临床予以重视应用。     

慢性牙周炎患者血清CGRP、PGE2、CCL20与牙周临床指标和Th17/Treg失衡的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探究慢性牙周炎患者血清降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）、前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、CC趋化因子配体20（CCL20）与牙周临床指标和辅助性T淋巴细胞17/调节性T淋巴细胞（Th17/Treg）失衡的相关性。方法：选取2020年5月-2022年5月海南省妇女儿童医学中心收治的91例慢性牙周炎患者,根据其严重程度分为轻度组（39例）、中度组（36例）、重度组（16例）,比较三组血清CGRP、PGE₂、CCL20、牙周临床指标[出血指数（BI）、探诊深度（PD）、附着丧失（AL）、菌斑指数（PLI）]、外周血Th17细胞比例、Treg细胞比例、Th17/Treg比值,采用Pearson相关分析血清CGRP、PGE₂、CCL20与牙周临床指标和Th17/Treg失衡的相关性。结果：与轻度组比较,中度组、重度组血清CGRP、Treg细胞比例显著降低（P＜0.05）,血清PGE₂、CCL20、BI、PD、PLI、AL、Th17细胞比例、Th17/Treg比值显著增高（P＜0.05）;与中度组比较,重度组血清CGRP、Treg细胞比例显著降低（P＜0.05）,血清PGE₂、CCL20、BI、PD、PLI、AL、Th17细胞比例、Th17/Treg比值显著增高（P＜0.05）。相关性结果提示,血清PGE₂、CCL20水平与BI、PD、PLI、AL、Th17细胞比例、Th17/Treg比值呈正相关（P＜0.05）,与Treg细胞比例呈负相关（P＜0.05）;血清CGRP水平与BI、PD、PLI、AL、Th17细胞比例、Th17/Treg比值呈负相关（P＜0.05）,与Treg细胞比例呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：慢性牙周炎患者血清CGRP、PGE₂、CCL20水平与疾病严重程度、牙周临床指标及Th17/Treg失衡显著相关,血清CGRP、PGE₂、CCL20可能通过影响Th17/Treg平衡参与慢性牙周炎的发生和发展。     

抗胃酸分泌药物对胃内菌群的影响

收集４０例内镜确诊为胃十二指肠溃疡病人,随机分成两组,分别予泰胃美、奥美拉唑口服;干服药前后分别行胃镜检查,并抽吸胃液行需氧菌、厌氧菌及真菌培养。结果示：胃液细菌量及硝酸盐还原菌量与胃液ｐＨ值呈正相关（ｒ＝０．８０２和０．７,ｐ＜０．０１）,抗胃酸分泌药物尤以奥美拉唑引起胃内菌量增加明显。临床治疗消化性溃疡时,应注意胃内微生态防治。     

Cytotaxonomy and breeding system of the genusBiscutella (Cruciferae)

Chromosome counts were determined for 46 populations ofBiscutella representing 28 taxa. The genus was found to contain diploid taxa with 2n = 12, 16 and 18, tetraploid taxa with 2n = 36 and hexaploid taxa having 2n = 54.B. laevigata L. s. l. consists of diploid and tetraploid populations which are poorly differentiated morphologically. TetraploidB. laevigata s. l. and hexaploidB. variegata Boiss. & Reuter (s. l.) are characterized by chromosomal instability. The variation in chromosome numbers and the occurrence of polyploidy is discussed in relation to the taxonomy of the genus. An investigation of the breeding system showed that most of the annual species were self-compatible and partly inbreeding and most of the perennial species self-incompatible and, therefore, outbreeding, while one annual species,B. cichoriifolia Loisel., showed both systems.     

Synthesis and degradation of proteins during wheat endosperm development

Synthesis of proteins rich in lysine declines progressively with endosperm development and these proteins appear to be degraded preferentially at later stages. The proteolytic enzymes in extracts of endosperms at a late stage of development release considerably more lysine radioactivity from labelled endosperm proteins as compared with the enzymes in endosperms at an early stage.     

结直肠息肉切除术患者肠道微生态失调分析及其与癌变进展的相关性

目的分析结直肠息肉切除术患者肠道微生态失调情况及其与癌变进展的相关性。方法前瞻性选择2015年7月至2016年7月在我院行结直肠息肉切除术的89例患者为研究对象,评价所有研究对象手术前后肠道菌群计数、肠道菌群失调情况,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变的影响因素。结果结直肠息肉患者术后大肠埃希菌计数(10.85±0.50)、粪肠球菌计数(10.12±0.55)显著高于术前(8.34±0.41,7.76±0.37)(均P0.01),结直肠息肉患者术后双歧杆菌计数(2.56±0.68)、乳杆菌计数(2.83±0.71)显著低于术前(5.20±1.06,5.93±0.88)(均P0.01)。结直肠息肉患者术后Ⅰ度菌群失调比例(23.60%)显著低于术前(55.06%)(P0.05),结直肠息肉患者术后Ⅱ、Ⅲ度菌群失调比例(50.56%,25.84%)显著高于术前(34.83%,10.11%)(均P0.05)。随访3年显示89例结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变率为33.71%,性别、病理类型不同的结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变率差异无统计学意义(均P0.05),年龄、遗传史、息肉直径、肠道菌群失调程度不同的结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变率差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。年龄、遗传史、肠道菌群失调程度是结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变的影响因素(均P0.05)。结论结直肠息肉切除术患者存在明显肠道微生态失调情况,肠道微生态失调是结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变的危险因素,这对临床防治结直肠息肉切除术患者癌变有重要指导意义。     

Simulations on the Primitive Electrolyte Environment of a High Charge-density Polyelectrolyte. A Sampling Problem and its Solution

Abstract

We show that the classical Metropolis Monte Carlo (MMC) algorithm converges very slowly when applied to the primitive electrolyte environment for a high charge-density polyelectrolyte. This slowness of convergence, which is due to the large density inhomogeneity around the polyelectrolyte, produces noticeable errors in the ion distribution functions for MMC runs of 1.3 × 10⁶ trial steps started from nonequilibrium distributions. We report that an algorithm which we call DSMC (for density-scaled Monte Carlo) overcomes this problem and provides relatively rapid convergence in this application. We suggest that DSMC should be well-suited for other Monte Carlo simulations on physical systems where large density inhomogeneities occur.     

砂仁对抗生素所致肠道菌群失调小鼠调节作用的探讨

【摘要】 目的 通过建立抗生素诱导小鼠肠道菌群失调模型,应用PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术分析小鼠肠道菌群失调前后经服用中药砂仁调理后肠道菌群指纹图谱的变化。方法 选用10只昆明种小鼠,正常培养7 d,适应环境后每天取粪便1次,连续3 d;菌群稳定后按100 mg/kg的头孢拉啶灌胃,每天灌胃2次,连续5 d,每天取粪便1次;上述小鼠随机分为两个组,自然恢复组(饲喂基础饲料)和砂仁处理组,每组5只。3 d后每天取粪便1次,连续3 d,提取细菌总DNA,以16S rRNA基因V3区通用引物扩增,对扩增的PCR产物进行DGGE电泳及指纹图谱分析并切胶测序比对。结果 抗生素处理后小鼠肠道菌群与正常小鼠差异有统计学意义,致病菌增加,砂仁处理组小鼠与正常小鼠的肠道菌群指纹图谱有很大的相似性,但与自然恢复组差异有统计学意义。结论 抗生素可导致小鼠肠道菌群失调,而中药砂仁对肠道菌群失调有明显的恢复作用。     

Phosphorus accumulates faster than nitrogen globally in freshwater ecosystems under anthropogenic impacts

Combined effects of cumulative nutrient inputs and biogeochemical processes that occur in freshwater under anthropogenic eutrophication could lead to myriad shifts in nitrogen (N):phosphorus (P) stoichiometry in global freshwater ecosystems, but this is not yet well‐assessed. Here we evaluated the characteristics of N and P stoichiometries in bodies of freshwater and their herbaceous macrophytes across human‐impact levels, regions and periods. Freshwater and its macrophytes had higher N and P concentrations and lower N : P ratios in heavily than lightly human‐impacted environments, further evidenced by spatiotemporal comparisons across eutrophication gradients. N and P concentrations in freshwater ecosystems were positively correlated and N : P was negatively correlated with population density in China. These results indicate a faster accumulation of P than N in human‐impacted freshwater ecosystems, which could have large effects on the trophic webs and biogeochemical cycles of estuaries and coastal areas by freshwater loadings, and reinforce the importance of rehabilitating these ecosystems.